Đáp án A

Gọi công thức X là CxHyOz

Đáp án A

Thành phần % khối lượng của O = 100 – (52,17 + 13,04) = 34,79%

n_C : n_H : n_O = 52,17/12 : 13,04 : 34,79/16 = 4,35 : 13,04 : 2,17 = 2: 6: 1

=> Công thức đơn giản nhất là  C 2 H 6 O 2 .

M = (2x12+6+16)n = 46 => n =1

Vậy công thức phân tử:  C 2 H 6 O 2

a)

\(m_C=\dfrac{52,15.46}{100}=24\left(g\right)=>n_C=\dfrac{24}{12}=2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_H=\dfrac{13,04.46}{100}=6\left(g\right)=>n_H=\dfrac{6}{1}=6\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_O=46-24-6=16\left(g\right)=>n_O=\dfrac{16}{16}=1\left(mol\right)\)

=> CTHH: C₂H₆O

b) \(n_A=\dfrac{18,4}{46}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

m_C = 12.0,4.2 = 9,6(g)

m_H = 1.0,4.6 = 2,4 (g)

m_O = 16.0,4.1 = 6,4 (g)

c) \(n_A=\dfrac{13,8}{46}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Số nguyên tử C = 2.0,3.6.10²³ = 3,6.10²³

Số nguyên tử H = 6.0,3.6.10²³ = 10,8.10²³

Số nguyên tử O = 1.0,3.6.10²³ = 1,8.10²³

Gọi công thức phân tử của X là: \({\rm{ }}{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{x}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{y}}}{{\rm{O}}_z}\)

\({\rm{\% }}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{O}}}{\rm{  =  100\%   -  (52,17\%   +  13,04\%  )  =  34,79\% }}\)

Từ phổ khối lượng, ta có M = 46 (amu)

\(\begin{array}{l}{\rm{x  =  }}\frac{{{\rm{\% }}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{C}}}}}{{{\rm{12}}}}{\rm{ \times }}\frac{{\rm{M}}}{{{\rm{100}}}}{\rm{  =  }}\frac{{{\rm{52,17}}}}{{{\rm{12}}}}{\rm{ \times }}\frac{{{\rm{46}}}}{{{\rm{100}}}} \approx 2\\{\rm{y  =  }}\frac{{{\rm{\% }}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{H}}}}}{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{ \times }}\frac{{\rm{M}}}{{{\rm{100}}}}{\rm{ =  }}\frac{{{\rm{13,04}}}}{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{ \times }}\frac{{46}}{{{\rm{100}}}} \approx {\rm{6}}\\{\rm{z  =  }}\frac{{{\rm{\% }}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{O}}}}}{{{\rm{16}}}}{\rm{ \times }}\frac{{\rm{M}}}{{{\rm{100}}}}{\rm{ =  }}\frac{{34,79}}{{{\rm{16}}}}{\rm{ \times }}\frac{{46}}{{{\rm{100}}}} \approx {\rm{1}}\end{array}\)

Công thức phân tử của X là\({\rm{ }}{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{6}}}{\rm{O }}\)

\(d_{\dfrac{X}{H_2}}=89\\ M_{H_2}=2\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_X=d_{\dfrac{X}{H_2}}.M_{H_2}=89.2=178\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

\(m_C=\%C.M_X=74,16\%.178=132\left(g\right)\\ m_H=\%H.M_X=7,86\%.178=14\left(g\right)\\ m_O=m_X-m_C-m_H=178-132-14=32\left(g\right)\\\)

\(\Rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{132}{12}=11\left(mol\right)\\ n_H=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{14}{1}=14\left(mol\right)\\ n_O=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{32}{16}=2\left(mol\right)\)

\(CTHH:C_{11}H_{14}O_2\Rightarrow D\)

Ta có : 

\(M_X=\dfrac{2,07}{\dfrac{1}{22,4}}=46\)(g/mol)

Gọi CTPT của X là $C_xH_yO_z$

Ta có : 

\(\dfrac{12x}{52,17}=\dfrac{y}{13,04}=\dfrac{16z}{34,79}=\dfrac{46}{100}\)

Suy ra:  x = 2 ; y = 6 ; z = 1

Vậy CTPT là $C_2H_6O$

a) Xét m_C : m_H : m_O = 64,865% : 13,51% : 21,625%

=> n_C : n_H : n_O = \(\dfrac{64,865}{12}:\dfrac{13,51}{1}:\dfrac{21,625}{16}=4:10:1\)

=> CTPT: (C₄H₁₀O)_n hay C_4nH_10nO_n ( n thuộc N*)

Xét độ bất bão hòa \(=\dfrac{2.4n+2-10n}{2}=\dfrac{2-2n}{2}=1-n\ge0\)

=> n = 1

Vậy CTPT: C₄H₁₀O

CTCT: 

(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH\)

(2) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(OH\right)-CH_3\)

(3) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2OH\)

(4) \(CH_3-C\left(OH\right)\left(CH_3\right)-CH_3\)

(5) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\)

(6) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\)

(7) \(CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\)

b) Xét m_C : m_H : m_N = 61,017% : 15,254% : 23,729%

=> \(n_C:n_H:n_N=\dfrac{61,017}{12}:\dfrac{15,254}{1}:\dfrac{23,729}{14}=3:9:1\)

=> CTPT: (C₃H₉N)_n hay C_3nH_9nN_n ( n thuộc N*)

Xét độ bất bão hòa \(\dfrac{2.3n+2-9n+n}{2}=1-n\)

=> n = 1

=> CTPT: C₃H₉N

CTCT:

(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-NH_2\)

(2) \(CH_3-CH\left(NH_2\right)-CH_3\)

(3) \(CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3\)

(4) \(\left(CH_3\right)N\)

a) 

\(CTTQ:C_aH_bO_z\left(a,b,z:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:a:b:z=\dfrac{64,865\%}{12}:\dfrac{13,51\%}{1}:\dfrac{100\%-\left(64,865\%+13,51\%\right)}{16}\\ =0,054:0,1351:0,0135=4:10:1\\ \Rightarrow a=4;b=10;z=1\\ \Rightarrow CTPT:C_4H_{10}O\\ CTCT:CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-OH\left(1\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2-OH\left(2\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(CH_3\right)-OH\left(3\right)\\ CH_3-C\left(OH\right)-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_3\left(4\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\left(5\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\left(6\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\left(7\right)\)

Gọi tên:

(1) Ancol butylic

(2) 2 - metylpropan - 1 - ol

(3) Butan - 2 - ol

(4) 2 - metylpropan - 2 - ol

(5) metylpropyl ete

(6) Isopropylmetyl ete

(7) Đietyl ete

\(b,CTTQ:C_uH_vN_s\left(u,v,s:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:u:v:s=\dfrac{61,017\%}{12}:\dfrac{15,254\%}{1}:\dfrac{100\%-\left(61,017\%+15,254\%\right)}{14}\\ =0,051:0,15254:0,017=3:9:1\\ \Rightarrow u=3;v=9;s=1\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:C_3H_9N\\ CTCT:CH_3-\left[CH_2\right]_2-NH_2\left(1\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(NH_3\right)-CH_3\left(2\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3\left(3\right)\\ \left(CH_3\right)_3N\left(4\right)\)

Gọi tên:

(1) Propan - 1 - amin

(2) Propan - 2 - amin

(3) N - metyletanamin

(4) Trimetyl amin

\(m_C=\dfrac{52,17.46}{100}=24\left(g\right)=>n_C=\dfrac{24}{12}=2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_H=\dfrac{13,04.46}{100}=6\left(g\right)=>n_H=\dfrac{6}{1}=6\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_O=46-24-6=16\left(g\right)=>n_O=\dfrac{16}{16}=1\left(mol\right)\)

=> CTHH: C₂H₆O

Đặt \(CTPT:C_xH_yO_z\)

\(\%_O=100\%-52,17\%-13,04\%=34,79\%\\ \Rightarrow x:y:z=\dfrac{52,17}{12}:\dfrac{13,04}{1}:\dfrac{34,79}{16}=2:6:1\\ \Rightarrow CTPT:(C_2H_6O)_n\\ \Rightarrow (12.2+6+16)n=46\\ \Rightarrow n=1\\ \Rightarrow CTPT:C_2H_6O\)